Test bank for Biochemistry 7th Edition by Mary K. Campbell
Test bank for Biochemistry 7th Edition by Mary K. Campbell
Introduce your students to the latest developments in biotechnology and genomics with this new edition of Campbell and Farrell’s best-selling text for the one-term course. Known for its logical organization, appropriate depth of coverage, and vibrant illustrations, BIOCHEMISTRY, 7th Edition, helps your students synthesize the flood of information that has inundated the field since the decoding of the human genome while showing them how biochemistry principles connect to their everyday lives. The book incorporates up-to-date developments in stem cell research, cloning, and immunology and offers revised coverage of major topics, such as Molecular Biology. Balancing scientific detail with readability, the book is ideal for students studying biochemistry for the first time. For example, in-text questions and problem sets categorized by problem type help students master chemistry and prepare for exams, and “Biochemical Connections” demonstrate how biochemistry applies to other fields such as health and sports medicine. In addition, the book’s revised state-of-the-art visual program improves learning outcomes, and its innovative magazine insert, “Hot Topics in Biochemistry” now reflects the latest advances in the field. Count on BIOCHEMISTRY, 7th Edition, to lead the way in currency, clarity, and innovation for your one-semester biochemistry course.
Additional ISBNs
1111425663, 0030551196, 0840068581, 1111954607, 1133376312, 9781111425661, 9780030551192, 9781111954604, 9781133376316, 9781111563769
Table of Content
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Magazine: Hot Topics in Biochemistry
Green Fluorescent Protein: Jellyfish and Green Monkeys
DNA and Family Trees: Who is a Relative?
Diabetes: An Epidemic for Modern Times
Just One Word: Nanotechnology
Small, Smaller, Smallest: Beyond the Electron Microscope to Single Molecules
HPV Vaccines: Waging the War on Cervical Cancer
Stem Cells: Hope or Hype?
Doping in Sports: Good Science Gone Bad
Ch 1: Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells
1.1 Basic Themes
1.2 Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry
1.3 The Beginnings of Biology: Origin of Life
1.4 The Biggest Biological Distinction—Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
1.5 Prokaryotic Cells
1.6 Eukaryotic Cells
1.7 Five Kingdoms, Three Domains
1.8 Common Ground for All Cells
1.9 Biochemical Energetics
1.10 Energy and Change
1.11 Spontaneity in Biochemical Reactions
1.12 Life and Thermodynamics
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 2: Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions
2.1 Water and Polarity
2.2 Hydrogen Bonds
2.3 Acids, Bases, and pH
2.4 Titration Curves
2.5 Buffers
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 3: Amino Acids and Peptides
3.1 Amino Acids Exist in a Three-Dimensional World
3.2 Individual Amino Acids: Their Structures and Properties
3.3 Amino Acids can Act as Both Acids and Bases
3.4 The Peptide Bond
3.5 Small Peptides with Physiological Activity
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 4: The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
4.1 Protein Structure and Function
4.2 Primary Structure of Proteins
4.3 Secondary Structure of Proteins
4.4 Tertiary Structure of Proteins
4.5 Quaternary Structure of Proteins
4.6 Protein Folding Dynamics
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 5: Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques
5.1 Extracting Pure Proteins from Cells
5.2 Column Chromatography
5.3 Electrophoresis
5.4 Determining the Primary Structure of a Protein
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 6: The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes
6.1 Enzymes are Effective Biological Catalysts
6.2 Kinetics versus Thermodynamics
6.3 Enzyme Kinetic Equations
6.4 Enzyme–Substrate Binding
6.5 Examples of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
6.6 The Michaelis–Menten Approach to Enzyme Kinetics
6.7 Enzyme Inhibition
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 7: The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control
7.1 The Behavior of Allosteric Enzymes
7.2 The Concerted and Sequential Models for Allosteric Enzymes
7.3 Control of Enzyme Activity by Phosphorylation
7.4 Zymogens
7.5 The Nature of the Active Site
7.6 Chemical Reactions Involved in Enzyme Mechanisms
7.7 The Active Site and Transition States
7.8 Coenzymes
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 8: Lipids and Proteins are Associated in Biological Membranes
8.1 The Definition of a Lipid
8.2 The Chemical Natures of the Lipid Types
8.3 Biological Membranes
8.4 The Kinds of Membrane Proteins
8.5 The Fluid-Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure
8.6 The Functions of Membranes
8.7 Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Their Functions
8.8 Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 9: Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information
9.1 Levels of Structure in Nucleic Acids
9.2 The Covalent Structure of Polynucleotides
9.3 The Structure of DNA
9.4 Denaturation of DNA
9.5 The Principal Kinds of RNA and Their Structures
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 10: Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication
10.1 The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell
10.2 Replication of DNA
10.3 DNA Polymerase
10.4 Proteins Required for DNA Replication
10.5 Proofreading and Repair
10.6 DNA Recombination
10.7 Eukaryotic DNA Replication
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code: The Biosynthesis of RNA
11.1 Overview of Transcription
11.2 Transcription in Prokaryotes
11.3 Transcription Regulation in Prokaryotes
11.4 Transcription in Eukaryotes
11.5 Transcription Regulation in Eukaryotes
11.6 Non-Coding RNAs
11.7 Structural Motifs in DNA-Binding Proteins
11.8 Posttranscriptional RNA Modification
11.9 Ribozymes
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 12: Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message
12.1 Translating the Genetic Message
12.2 The Genetic Code
12.3 Amino Acid Activation
12.4 Prokaryotic Translation
12.5 Eukaryotic Translation
12.6 Posttranslational Modification of Proteins
12.7 Protein Degradation
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 13: Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques
13.1 Purification and Detection of Nucleic Acids
13.2 Restriction Endonucleases
13.3 Cloning
13.4 Genetic Engineering
13.5 DNA Libraries
13.6 The Polymerase Chain Reaction
13.7 DNA Fingerprinting
13.8 Sequencing DNA
13.9 Genomics and Proteomics
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 14: Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology
14.1 Viruses
14.2 Retroviruses
14.3 The Immune System
14.4 Cancer
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 15: The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism
15.1 Standard States for Free-Energy Changes
15.2 A Modified Standard State for Biochemical Applications
15.3 The Nature of Metabolism
15.4 The Role of Oxidation and Reduction in Metabolism
15.5 Coenzymes in Biologically Important Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
15.6 Coupling of Production and Use of Energy
15.7 Coenzyme A in Activation of Metabolic Pathways
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 16: Carbohydrates
16.1 Sugars: Their Structures and Stereochemistry
16.2 Reactions of Monosaccharides
16.3 Some Important Oligosaccharides
16.4 Structures and Functions of Polysaccharides
16.5 Glycoproteins
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 17: Glycolysis
17.1 The Overall Pathway of Glycolysis
17.2 Conversion of Six-Carbon Glucose to Three-Carbon Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
17.3 Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate is Converted to Pyruvate
17.4 Anaerobic Metabolism of Pyruvate
17.5 Energy Production in Glycolysis
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 18: Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism
18.1 How Glycogen is Produced and Degraded
18.2 Gluconeogenesis Produces Glucose from Pyruvate
18.3 Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism
18.4 Glucose is Sometimes Diverted through the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 19: The Citric Acid Cycle
19.1 The Central Role of the Citric Acid Cycle in Metabolism
19.2 The Overall Pathway of the Citric Acid Cycle
19.3 How Pyruvate is Converted to Acetyl-CoA
19.4 The Individual Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle
19.5 Energetics and Control of the Citric Acid Cycle
19.6 The Glyoxylate Cycle: A Related Pathway
19.7 The Citric Acid Cycle in Catabolism
19.8 The Citric Acid Cycle in Anabolism
19.9 The Link to Oxygen
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 20: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
20.1 The Role of Electron Transport in Metabolism
20.2 Reduction Potentials in the Electron Transport Chain
20.3 Organization of Electron Transport Complexes
20.4 The Connection between Electron Transport and Phosphorylation
20.5 The Mechanism of Coupling in Oxidative Phosphorylation
20.6 Respiratory Inhibitors can be Used to Study Electron Transport
20.7 Shuttle Mechanisms
20.8 The ATP Yield from Complete Oxidation of Glucose
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 21: Lipid Metabolism
21.1 Lipids are Involved in the Generation and Storage of Energy
21.2 Catabolism of Lipids
21.3 The Energy Yield from the Oxidation of Fatty Acids
21.4 Catabolism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Odd-Carbon Fatty Acids
21.5 Ketone Bodies
21.6 Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis
21.7 Synthesis of Acylglycerols and Compound Lipids
21.8 Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 22: Photosynthesis
22.1 Chloroplasts are the Site of Photosynthesis
22.2 Photosystems I and II and the Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
22.3 Photosynthesis and ATP Production
22.4 Evolutionary Implications of Photosynthesis with and without Oxygen
22.5 Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis Fix CO2
22.6 CO2 Fixation in Tropical Plants
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 23: The Metabolism of Nitrogen
23.1 Nitrogen Metabolism: An Overview
23.2 Nitrogen Fixation
23.3 Feedback Inhibition in Nitrogen Metabolism
23.4 Amino Acid Biosynthesis
23.5 Essential Amino Acids
23.6 Amino Acid Catabolism
23.7 Purine Biosynthesis
23.8 Purine Catabolism
23.9 Pyrimidine Biosynthesis and Catabolism
23.10 Conversion of Ribonucleotides to Deoxyribonucleotides
23.11 Conversion of dUDP to dTTP
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Ch 24: Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling
24.1 Connections between Metabolic Pathways
24.2 Biochemistry and Nutrition
24.3 Hormones and Second Messengers
24.4 Hormones and the Control of Metabolism
24.5 Insulin and Its Effects
Summary
Review Exercises
Annotated Bibliography
Glossary
Answers to Questions
Index
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